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ToolBoxGenie

Pressure Converter

Converters · Added 15 August 2026

Convert between fifteen pressure units — the metric family from pascal to megapascal, the reference units like atmosphere and millimetre of mercury, and the imperial psi family. Factors are the exact defined values, so a conversion out and back returns the number you started with.

Result

1 bar in pound per square inch

14.5037738 psi

1 bar = 14.5037738 psi

The same value in every unit

Pascal (Pa)
100,000
Hectopascal (hPa)
1,000
Kilopascal (kPa)
100
Megapascal (MPa)
0.1
Bar (bar)
1
Millibar (mbar)
1,000
Standard atmosphere (atm)
0.986923267
Torr (Torr)
750.061683
Millimetre of mercury (mmHg)
750.061576
Inch of mercury (inHg)
29.5299802
Pound per square inch (psi)
14.5037738
Kilopound per square inch (ksi)
0.0145037738
Pound per square foot (psf)
2,088.54342
Millimetre of water (mmH₂O)
10,197.1621
Kilogram-force per cm² (kgf/cm²)
1.01971621

Absolute and gauge pressure are not the same measurement: gauge pressure (psig, barg) is measured relative to the surrounding atmosphere, absolute pressure from a vacuum. They differ by roughly one atmosphere — about 14.7 psi — so a tyre inflated to 32 psi gauge is at about 46.7 psi absolute. This converter changes units, not the reference point.

How to use the pressure converter

  1. 1Enter the value you want to convert.
  2. 2Pick the unit you are converting from and the unit you want.
  3. 3The result updates as you type — there is nothing to submit.
  4. 4The reference table shows the same quantity in every other pressure unit at once.
  5. 5Use the swap button to reverse the direction.

Examples

Tyre pressure

Input
32 psi
Result
2.2063 bar · 220.63 kPa

Car tyres are quoted in psi in some countries and bar in others. These are the same pressure.

Standard atmosphere

Input
1 atm
Result
101.325 kPa · 760 mmHg · 14.6959 psi

The atmosphere is defined as exactly 101,325 pascals, which is why the kilopascal figure is exact.

Weather reporting

Input
1013.25 hPa
Result
1 atm · 29.92 inHg

Meteorologists use hectopascals, which are numerically identical to the older millibars.

About the pressure converter

What pressure actually is

Pressure is force spread over area — a pascal is one newton per square metre. That definition explains why the pascal is such a small unit in practical terms: a newton is roughly the weight of a small apple, and spreading it over a full square metre produces a very gentle push indeed. Everyday pressures therefore run into the thousands or hundreds of thousands of pascals, which is why kilopascals, bars and atmospheres exist.

It also explains why the same force produces wildly different pressures depending on contact area. This is the principle behind a knife edge, a drawing pin and snowshoes — force held constant, area changed deliberately in one direction or the other.

The mercury units are a historical artefact of how pressure was first measured well. A column of mercury in a sealed tube rises until its weight balances the pressure pushing on the reservoir, so the height of that column is a direct readout. Millimetres of mercury and inches of mercury are literally that height, which is why they survive in medicine and meteorology long after the instruments were replaced.

The gauge-versus-absolute trap

Almost every pressure gauge you will meet reads zero at atmospheric pressure, because it is measuring the difference between the inside of something and the air around it. That is gauge pressure, and it is the right measurement for tyres, boilers and pneumatic systems — what matters is the pressure difference across the wall.

Absolute pressure counts from a perfect vacuum instead, so atmospheric pressure reads as about 101 kPa rather than zero. Thermodynamic calculations need absolute pressure, because the gas laws are written in terms of it; using a gauge reading in the ideal gas equation produces answers that are wrong by an entire atmosphere.

The convention is usually signalled by a suffix — psig and psia, barg and bara — but the suffix is dropped constantly in practice, and a bare number is ambiguous. The rule of thumb is that anything read off a dial is gauge unless stated otherwise, and anything going into a physics calculation needs to be absolute. Converting between them is addition, not multiplication: add about 101.325 kPa to a gauge reading to get absolute at sea level, and note that the correction itself varies with altitude and weather.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between gauge and absolute pressure?
Gauge pressure is measured relative to the surrounding atmosphere; absolute pressure is measured from a vacuum. They differ by about one atmosphere — roughly 14.7 psi — so a tyre inflated to 32 psi gauge is at about 46.7 psi absolute. This converter changes units, not the reference point, so a gauge reading converts to gauge units and an absolute reading to absolute.
Is a bar the same as an atmosphere?
Close but not equal. A bar is defined as exactly 100,000 pascals and a standard atmosphere as exactly 101,325 — about 1.3% apart. They are often used interchangeably in casual contexts, which is harmless for tyre pressures and not harmless in engineering or diving.
Why are mmHg and torr slightly different?
They were defined separately and then almost, but not quite, reconciled. A torr is exactly 1/760 of a standard atmosphere; a millimetre of mercury is based on the density of mercury under standard gravity. The difference appears around the seventh significant figure and matters only in precision metrology. Both are listed separately here rather than treated as identical.
Which unit should I use?
Whatever your field expects. The pascal is the SI unit and dominates engineering; bar is common in Europe for fluid systems; psi dominates in the United States and in tyre and pneumatic contexts; mmHg persists in medicine for blood pressure; hectopascals and inches of mercury are meteorological. Converting is easy — the real risk is quoting a number without its unit.